Xanax is a brand name for the drug alprazolam, which belongs to a class of medications known as benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that exert their effects by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This leads to calming effects on the brain and nervous system, making them useful for treating anxiety, panic disorders, and certain other conditions.

Xanax is commonly prescribed for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety and panic disorders. It is available in immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release formulations. The immediate-release tablets are typically taken several times per day as needed for acute symptoms, while the extended-release formulation provides a steady release of the medication throughout the day, allowing for less frequent dosing.